Types of Hearing Loss
How Does Hearing Loss Occur?
Hearing loss occurs when your brain does not receive the necessary signals to interpret sound. This can happen due to an issue anywhere along the auditory pathway, from the outer ear to the brain, where sound is processed and understood.
Types of Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can be classified into two main types: sensorineural and conductive.
1 – Sensorineural Hearing Loss
This type occurs when there is damage to the hair cells in the cochlea (part of the inner ear) or the hearing nerve. Sensorineural hearing loss is permanent and does not improve over time.
2 – Conductive Hearing Loss
This type happens when something blocks sound from reaching the inner ear. Common causes include earwax buildup. Conductive hearing loss can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause of the blockage.
Hearing Solutions
In cases where hearing loss is permanent, hearing aids can significantly improve hearing. They come in various styles, including behind-the-ear, in-the-ear, and completely in-the-canal options. Hearing aids use microphones to pick up sounds and process them digitally, making quiet sounds easier to hear and improving communication in noisy environments. Many modern hearing aids are compatible with mobile phones and other accessories. Hearing aids are part of a broader solution that includes coaching, counselling, and hearing tactics.
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Age-Related Hearing Loss
- Presbycusis: Age-related hearing loss is the most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. More than 40% of people over 50 and over 70% of those over 70 experience hearing loss. This condition results from gradual wear and tear of the tiny hair cells in the cochlea.
- Impact: The effects of age-related hearing loss can vary based on lifestyle and how well the brain processes sound. It often affects high-frequency sounds like ‘s,’ ‘f,’ and ‘th,’ making speech less clear and harder to hear in noisy environments.
Sudden Hearing Loss
Sudden hearing loss can affect one or both ears and may occur instantly or over a few weeks. It can be accompanied by tinnitus or balance issues. Recovery depends on the cause, severity, and how quickly treatment is sought. Sudden hearing loss should be treated as a medical emergency; if it occurs, contact NHS 111, your GP, or go to A&E immediately.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Noise-induced hearing loss is the second most common type in the UK, caused by prolonged exposure to loud noises or short bursts of extremely loud sounds. Common sources include noisy workplaces, loud music, or explosions. An audiologist can often identify noise-induced hearing loss during a hearing test, which typically shows a dip in high frequencies. Treatment usually involves hearing aids. Preventative measures include using specialized hearing protection.
Other Causes of Hearing Loss
Other potential causes include genetic factors, ototoxic medications, and acoustic neuroma. Diagnostic tests, medical history, and lifestyle inquiries can help determine the cause and the need for specialist referrals.
Common Signs or Symptoms of Hearing Loss
If you experience any of the following, you may have hearing loss:
- People seem to mumble.
- Frequently asking others to repeat themselves.
- Difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments.
- Trouble understanding people when you can’t see their faces.
- Challenges with group conversations.
- Fatigue from having to concentrate on hearing.
- Others comment that your TV or music is too loud.
- Difficulty hearing on the telephone.
- Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears).
Risks Associated with Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can lead to frustration, social withdrawal, emotional distress, loneliness, and depression. It can also be challenging for friends and family due to communication difficulties and increased TV volume. Research indicates that untreated hearing loss can increase the risk of dementia by up to five times, though hearing aids may reduce this risk. Despite these risks, people often wait an average of 10 years before seeking help for hearing loss.
Getting Help for Hearing Loss
If you suspect you have hearing loss, consider booking a Hearing Health Check with us. During the appointment, an audiologist or hearing care professional will discuss your hearing difficulties, check your ear health, and perform a brief hearing test. Alternatively, you can take a free online hearing test. If hearing loss is detected, a Full Hearing hearing assessment is recommended. This comprehensive evaluation will help understand the nature of your hearing loss and its impact on your life. The audiologist will provide personalized recommendations for hearing aids and, if necessary, refer you to a GP or other medical professional.